Linking development finance and food systems can be a daunting undertaking for any community. Research on the current ecosystem of food systems finance has positioned CDFA to identify key strategies for the path ahead in this work. The Food Systems...

Novogradac conducted an analysis of the private activity bond (PAB) financed by test for low-income housing tax credits (LIHTCs). The analysis determined that lowering the financed by test for PAB test from the current law threshold of 50 percent to...

CALED knows from its work supporting economic development throughout California that infrastructure financing is a challenge for many rural communities. CALED collaborated with CDFA to develop this guidebook to meet the need for a resource to help...

In 2018, the 50 states and the District of Columbia received $37.1 billion in new volume cap allocation, an increase of nearly $1.8 billion from 2017. Total private activity bond issuance slightly decreased from $24.86 billion in 2017 to $24.14...

Researched and written by CDFA, this is the third white paper in a series examining the potential creation of a food systems asset class that supports the market growth of local and regional food systems. This paper focuses specifically on bond...

This IRS Publication 4078, Tax-Exempt Private Activity Bonds, provides a revised overview of the general federal tax law rules that apply to qualified private activity bonds.

This 1-page issue brief from the Common Ground Alliance discusses how Exempt Facility Bonds can be used to finance water and wastewater infrastructure.

In 2017, the 50 states and the District of Columbia received $35.3 billion in new volume cap allocation, an increase of $205.3 million from 2016. Even though total volume cap capacity was lower in 2017, total private activity bond issuance increased...

As budgets are stretched and new rules are created, it can be difficult to pull together funding for necessary infrastructure improvements and community facilities. John Egan from Frost Brown Todd presents case studies and explores proven approaches...

Just as infrastructure development acts as a catalyst for economic growth, it is also changing the landscape for potential investors and the expanding field of infrastructure finance. Infrastructure systems for transportation, utilities, and public...

In 2016, the 50 states and the District of Columbia received $35.14 billion in new volume cap allocation, an increase of $263 million from 2015. Total private activity bond issuance in 2016 increased from 2015, climbing from $12.98 billion to $20.38...

New York City Independent Budget Office has examined the evolution of the roles of Build and the Industrial Development Agency in financing economic development deals for the city and the uses of the revenues the two entities generate.

New volume cap allocation in 2015 totaled nearly $34.88 billion for the 50 states and District of Columbia, an increase of one percent over the previous year. Combined with more than $58.48 in existing carryforward allocation, the total accessible...

This document from the IRS teaches readers about Exempt Facility Bonds.

In 2014, the 50 states and the District of Columbia received more than $34.5 billion in new volume cap allocation, an increase of 5.5 percent from 2013. This was in addition to more than $59.1 billion in existing carryforward allocation, making the...

Wisconsin Health & Educational Facilities Authority (WHEFA) highlights their 35th year, serving as conduit issuer in 24 financings totaling more than $794.6M. Bond financing benefitted 22 different borrowers in 17 counties, comprised of multi-site...

This report, produced by CDFA for the World Bank, is intended to provide information to communities and countries interested in identifying potential financing tools for the remediation and redevelopment of contaminated industrial sites. Specific...

South Carolina Jobs-Economic Development Authority (JEDA) served as conduit issuer in 23 deals totaling nearly $826M , benefitting 18 different borrowers in 12 counties comprised of six multi-site health care systems, three public charter schools,...

The various types of bonds and important bond terms are explained by James Hamill of Bridge Strategic Partners.

The year 2013 marked the third straight year of decline for total issuance, from a recent high point of more than $14.5 billion in 2010 to a low point of $8.8 billion in 2013. The 50 states and the District of Columbia received $32.7 billion in new...

In 2012, the 50 states and the District of Columbia received $30.87 billion in new volume cap allocation, a decrease of nearly $400 million compared to 2011. Total private activity bond issuance slightly decreased from $12.76 billion in 2011 to...

This Treasury Department Fact Sheet discusses the background and uses, authorized issuers, and more about Tribal Economic Development Bonds.

Sidley Austin produced this excellent primer for entities interested in accessing the U.S. capital markets. This resource provides an overview of securities regulations and laws, the offering process, compliance obligations, exempt offerings, a...

David Rogers with Frost Brown Todd discusses Ohio Air Quality Development Authority's (OAQDA) clean energy bond programs. Rogers explores qualifying projects, economic impacts, power purchase agreements, qualified energy conservation bonds, and PACE...

Kate Tompkins with Squire Sanders addresses challenges in clean energy and energy finance. Furthermore, Tompkins touches on important financing considerations, and assessing various sources of capital to find the best match for your particular...

In August 2012, Goldman Sachs Bank’s Urban Investment Group (UIG) announced the first social impact bond (SIB) in the United States, a $9.6M loan it would make to support the delivery of therapeutic services to teenagers incarcerated on Rikers...

This advocacy guide explores how governments have financed water infrastructure, risks associated with financing water infrastructure, issues with water conservation, water systems rate structuring and balancing conservation and affordability.

Lew Milford with Clean Energy Group discusses the lending market and financing trends for clean energy developments. Milford explains the Clean Energy + Bond Finance Initiative, and how capital markets provide an avenue to spur investment in...

Daniel McRae of Seyfarth Shaw provides information on the resources which are available for energy projects throughout the country including bonds, tax credits, public-private partnerships, EB-5, and much more. McRae explains the benefits of...

Illinois Finance Authority (IFA) created a document to help promote their Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bond Program. IFA's program issues tax-exempt revenue bonds on behalf of privately owned solid waste companies that provide services to the...

This document, prepared by the Joint Committee on Taxation, summarizes the provisions and discusses economic issues of allowing a deduction for certain State and local taxes, tax-exempt and tax-credit bond provisions, income tax, and the treatment...

South Carolina Jobs-Economic Development Authority released a new document explaining Industrial Development Bonds (IDBs). The document provides bond participants, the process, advantages of tax-exempt bonds, and general structure.

Texas released a summary covering 19 financial incentives and programs in place to bolster targeted industry growth. The report covers a broad range of tools including bonds, infrastructure, access to capital, innovation, renewable energy and more.

This guide from Orrick, Harrington & Sutcliffe LLP review bond finance tools supporting clean energy, including PABs, CREBS, and QECBs.

Michael Paparian at CPCFA and Saul Gomez with CAEATFA present to the Task Force on Clean Energy Bond Finance and explore California's energy financing programs from bonds to utilizing SSBCI funds for clean energy projects.

This document from CEG and CDFA, the organizations behind CE+BFI, outlines the challenges facing clean energy development and how bond finance can provide a solution. The Action Plan specifies existing bond finance tools and the goals for the...

Bond resolution for the Betmar Village Senior Housing development in Atlanta, GA by National Church Residences.

Darnell Moses with Allegheny County Economic Development explains the financing functions of economic development authorities, specifically Allegheny County Industrial Development Authority.

Doug Rogers with PNC covers Industrial Revenue Bonds financing, structuring, strengths and potential objections.

Oklahoma State Bond Advisor released their 2011 annual report with detailed information about bond rating, performance, and projects.

This report from the Government Accountability Office covers the use of Gulf Opportunity Zone bonds through June 2008.

Craig Hammond of Dickinson Wright PLLC covers the basics of private activity bonds, including the types and regulations.

This flyer from Business Oregon advertises tax-exempt bonds for solid waste disposal and recycling businesses.

Chris Burnham of the Development Finance Authority of Summit County and Kristi Eberhardt of PNC Capital Markets present this case study of bonds issued for an anaerobic digestive system.

John Wooten of Wells Fargo and Lee McCormick of Community Development Associates provide a thorough discussion of tax-exempt bond finance structures and categories.

The total dollar amount of private activity bonds issued throughout the U.S. in 2011 decreased compared to 2010. In 2011, $12.8 billion of PABs were issued. This is a $1.8 billion, or 13%, decrease from the $14.6 billion issued in 2010. The $12.8...

The Chester County Industrial Development Authority created this packet of program guidelines and application for those interesting in tax-exempt bond or mortgage financing.

The Pennsylvania Dept. of Community & Economic Development published this bulletin revealing the state's 2012 tax-exempt bond allocation for small issues, agriculture, exempt facilities, education, and housing.

The Pennsylvania Dept. of Community & Economic Development produced this year-end report covering private activity bonds subject to volume cap in the state. Issuance and carryforward are reported for industrial development, exempt facilities,...

This program analysis from the Federal Highway Administration provides a thorough review of provisions from the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Private Activity Bonds, TIFIA, and...